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Volume 16, Issue 1, February 2008
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Coordinator's Message Fridays Are for Forgiveness In the principles of Good-Hearted Living (Wilson, 2003), Fridays are for forgiveness. Holding a grudge punishes the one who bears it. Failing to forgive allows another to control us. Often the one we are angry or disappointed with has little or no idea and may not even care. So, while we are stewing, he or she may be out dancing! We do not forgive to release another person but rather to release ourselves. No one can hurt your feelings without your permission. When we blame others for our problems, we sometimes “b-lame.” To continue to hold a grudge keeps us bound to our past and stunts our growth. It has been said that failing to forgive is like drinking poison and waiting for the other person to die. Not very effective! Forgiveness may need to be extended to oneself as well. How many cancers are related to lifestyle? Smoking, sun exposure, diet, alcohol, sexual history, etc., may contribute to illness. I encourage patients not to look back but rather to look ahead. I encourage lifestyle changes that benefit health. I have asked patients to consider the fact that, although they may beat their current diagnosis, they are not immune to another. They need to make positive changes now. Furthermore, learning to forgive others and seek forgiveness may bring peace. Learning to say "I'm sorry" takes practice. We offer classes on dealing with difficult guests for our team members. One of the key practices is learning how to LAST, or Listen, Apologize, Solve, and Thank. Listening is key to learning the feelings and needs of others. Apologizing may not mean accepting blame but may acknowledge another’s feelings. For example, you might say, “I’m sorry you had to wait” or “I’m sorry your paperwork was misplaced.” To solve is to look for a solution to the problem, which the other individual may be able to share with you. To thank is to express appreciation to the other person for the opportunity he or she has provided you. I once shared that struggles make you grow, and I was able to thank a tormentor for being a great teacher.Forgiveness also may provide physical benefits. To remember a wrong evokes a stress response. To release it can reduce physical and mental stress. Forgiveness may not include an apology or an amendment from the wrongdoer, but it does include letting go of the desire for revenge and perhaps growth in desire for reconciliation. You cannot change the past. You cannot change others. You may be able to change your response and, thus, free yourself. Do you want to be better or bitter? Take steps to release the past, forgive, and leap into the future. To read wisdom quotes on kindness, click here. Bibliography Innes, D. (2004). You can’t fly with broken wings. San Clemente, CA: Acts Communications. Retrieved November 21, 2007, from http://www.actsweb.org/freebook.pdf Media Partners Corporation. (1996). The difficult guest: Understanding and serving difficult customers. Seattle, WA: Author. Walker, L. (2006, August). Discover the power of forgiveness. Virtual Christian Magazine, 8(7). Retrieved November 21, 2007, from http://vcmagazine.org/vcm/article.asp?volume=8&issue=7&article= Reference Wilson, S. (2003). Good-hearted living. Columbus, OH: Steve Wilson and Company. |
The Complementary and Integrative Therapies SIG Newsletter is produced by members of the Complementary and Integrative Therapies SIG and ONS staff and is not a peer-reviewed publication. |
Special Interest Group Newsletter February 2008 |
Very early in our nursing careers, we learned that “something” keeps our patients coming back for therapy to treat their cancer. Is it a desire to live? Hope? Endurance? Fear? From where does this “something” stem? The terms “spirituality” and “religion” often are used interchangeably but can possess different meanings for different people. Spirituality often is defined as an individual’s sense of purpose and meaning in life, frequently in relationship to and connection with others. Religion more often is thought of as the practices and set of beliefs associated with an organized group and may be an expression of spirituality. Some may consider themselves to be religious but not spiritual, whereas others may consider themselves to be spiritual but not religious. Some consider themselves to be both. Having cancer may challenge people’s sense of purpose, balance, and meaning; in other words, the experience may “rock their spiritual world.” How can oncology nurses help? Spiritual care includes
For more information and assistance in this area, see the Spirituality in Cancer Care Physician’s Data Query handout. English and Spanish patient versions are available for free download. Another excellent article on the topic is “Prayer and Spirituality in Health: Ancient Practices, Modern Science.”
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Special Interest Group Newsletter February 2008 |
If memory serves me, I have been serving as editor of the ONS Complementary and Integrative Therapies SIG Newsletter since summer 2005. I would like to thank our membership for the varied and interesting content published in our newsletter. I also would like to thank the ONS staff members who turn our words into an attractive and readable format! In this issue, Certified Laughter Leader Gayle Hawley, BSN, RN-BC, OCN®, offers further insights on bringing lightness into our lives, reminding us that “Fridays Are for Forgiveness.” Coordinator-Elect CDR Colleen O. Lee, RN, MS, AOCN®, reflects on spirituality and cancer care. Rusti Hessig, RN, OCN®, presents an impressive evidence basis in her article about intercessory prayer as a complementary therapy. I appreciate this opportunity to serve. Please keep those interesting articles and news bits coming my way in 2008!
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Special Interest Group Newsletter February 2008 |
“Is there anything I can do for you?” This is a question that nurses often ask their patients. Countless times, the answer is “Pray for me.” Would the care provider use intercessory prayer (IP) as easily as other measures accepted and used for a patient’s pain or wound management? If the underlying principle behind prayer is understood, care providers may elect to apply IP as an adjunct to their health care. From a faith-based perspective, prayer is a natural part of the healing process, but the scientific community requires evidence. The goal of this article is to increase knowledge of IP that will bring readers from definition and present use to understanding the bench science. Use of Intercessory Prayer as Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapy According to the Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) interview survey released in May 2004, 24.4% of users of CAM therapy use IP for distant healing of others (see Figure 1). The survey was completed by 31,044 adults aged 18 years or older from the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population (NCCAM, 2006a)
What’s It All About? IP, also called distant prayer or healing, is defined as the desire of one person interceding through prayer on behalf of another (NCCAM, 2006b). Seaward (2004) defined IP as a form of energetic human consciousness or energy medicine (EM). A Form of Human Consciousness Radin and Nelson (1994) tracked 152 reports describing 597 experimental studies and 235 control studies from 68 investigators that analyzed whether the influence of human consciousness can affect the physical world at a distance. Using meta-analytic techniques to assess methodologic quality and overall effect size, results showed effects conforming to chance expectation in control conditions and obvious non-chance effects in experimental conditions. Radin and Nelson felt that unless reviewers wanted to challenge the investigators or suggest a procedural artifact common to hundreds of experiments conducted over nearly 30 years, there was no escaping the conclusions that prayer is effective. Researchers also have studied the effects of human consciousness to change biologic systems (Dossey, 1996). Controlled studies examined the effects of human consciousness often expressed through prayer on biologic reactions of the recovery rate of animals from anesthesia, tumor growth rates, wound healing rates, red cell hemolysis, and replication of microorganisms in vitro. These studies have been published in high-quality peer-reviewed journals, have been replicated by different investigators, and make up the basic research or bench science underlying the objective study of IP. Energy Medicine EM deals with energy fields of two types: veritable (conforming to truth or fact) and putative (supposed or reported) (Berman & Straus, 2004; NCCAM, 2006b). Veritable energies employ mechanical vibrations (i.e., sound) and electromagnetic forces, including visible light, magnetism, monochromatic radiation (i.e., laser beams), and rays from other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. They involve the use of specific, measurable wavelengths and frequencies to treat patients (Vallbona & Richards, 1999). The following are energies recognized in the veritable energy field (Berman & Straus; NCCAM, 2006b).
Putative energies are based on the concept that human beings are infused with a subtle form of energy. It has been hypothesized that the body’s primary gamma emitter, potassium-40, represents a self-regulation of energy within the body (Benford, 2001). This energy or life force is known under different names in different cultures (e.g., qi in traditional Chinese, ki in Japanese, doshas in Ayurvedic medicine) (Hintz et al., 2003). The following are energies recognized in the putative energy field (Berman & Straus, 2004; NCCAM, 2006b).
Research Studies Of 212 published studies that have assessed the effects of spiritual factors on healthcare outcomes, 159 (75%) reported a positive effect, 37 (17%) reported no effect, and 15 (7%) reported a negative effect (Matthews & Larson, 1995). Marwick (1995) reviewed 115 articles on prayer and health outcomes: 47 (41%) showed a negative effect, 37 (32%) showed a positive effect, and 31 (27%) showed neither (1995). The articles did not analyze the studies themselves or mention what the negative and positive effects were. Byrd’s (1988) study was criticized on many design points. Limitations of the study included the inability to determine which patients prayed for themselves or had family praying for them and the potential interpretation bias of the author because of personal religious values. Interestingly, many criticisms of studies involving IP are on the very same design limitations. The Future Personal Vignette As a Christian, I have just believed in the power of prayer. Needing to understand the mechanism behind the effects of prayer somehow removes the charm. The mechanism of Tylenol® is not known, but the drug is used widely in medicine. One would think that an intervention such as IP, which appears to have no apparent adverse side effects, limited (if any) cost factors, and documented positive effects would be prescribed and used as an adjunct. Aviles, J.M., Whelen, S.E., Hernke, D.A., Williams, B.A., Kenny, K.E., O’Fallon, W.M., et al. (2001). Intercessory prayer and cardiovascular disease progression in a coronary care unit population: A randomized controlled trial. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 76, 11921198. Benford, M.S. (2001). Radiogenic metabolism: An alternative cellular energy source. Medical Hypotheses, 56(1), 3339. Berman, J.D., & Straus, S.E. (2004). Implementing a research agenda for complementary and alternative medicine. Annual Review of Medicine, 55, 239254. Byrd, R. (1988). Positive therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer in a coronary care unit population. Southern Medical Journal, 8, 826829. Dallas Baptist University. (2006). Intercessory prayer ministry.Retrieved June 19, 2006, from http://www.dbu.edu/ministry/prayer.asp Dossey, L. (1993). Healing words: The power of prayer and the practice of medicine. San Francisco: Harper. Dossey, L. (1996, Summer). Distant intentionality: An idea whose time had come. Advances: The Journal of MindBody Health, 12, 913. Friedman, T., Slayton, W.B., Allen, L.S., Pollock, B.H., Dumont-Driscoll, M., Mehta, P., et al. (1997). Use of alternative therapies for children with cancer. Pediatrics, 100(6), E1. Harris, W.S., Gowda, M., Kolb, J.W., Strychacz, C.P., Vacek, J.L., Jones, P.G., et al. (1999). A randomized controlled study of the effects of remote, intercessory prayer on outcomes in patients admitted to the coronary care unit. Archives of Internal Medicine. 159, 22732278. Hintz, K.J., Yount, G.L., Kadar, I., Schwartz, G., Hammerschlagg, R., & Lin, S. (2003). Bioenergy definitions and research guidelines. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 9(Suppl. 3), A13A30. Krucoff, M.W., Crater, S.W., Gallup, D., Blankenship, J.C., Cuffe, M., Guameri, M., et al. (2005). Music, imagery, touch and prayer as adjuncts to interventional cardiac care: The Monitoring and Actualisation of Noetic Trainings (MANTRA) II randomised study. Lancet, 366, 211217. Marwick, C. (1995). Should physicians prescribe prayer for health? Spiritual aspects of well-being considered. JAMA. 273, 15611562. Matthews, D.A., & Larson, D.B. (Eds.). (1995). The faith factor: An annotated bibliography of clinical research on spiritual subjects. Volume III: Enhancing Life Satisfaction. Rockville, MD: National Institute for Healthcare Research. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health. (2006a). Statistics of CAM use in the United States. Retrieved March 1, 2006, from http://nccam.nih.gov/news/camstats.htm National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health. (2006b). Energy medicine. Retrieved March 1, 2006, from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/backgrounds/energymed.htm Radin, D.L, & Nelson, R.D. (1994). Consciousness-related effects for an anomalous process of information transfer. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 418. Seaward, B.L. (2004). Managing stress: Principles and strategies for health and well-being (4th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Vallbona, C., & Richards, T. (1999). Evolution of magnetic therapy from alternative to traditional medicine. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 10, 729754.
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Special Interest Group Newsletter February 2008 |
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Special Interest Group Newsletter February 2008 |
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened a special committee to look at the delivery of psychosocial services to patients with cancer and their families and identify ways to improve the provision of care. The results, which were released in November 2007, are published in Cancer Care for the Whole Patient: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs. The findings state that many patients with cancer have psychosocial needs. Although the supply of services is insufficient to address all patient needs, untapped resources exist, frequently at no additional cost. Patients, however, often are unaware of these resources. The committee proposed that all components of the healthcare system incorporate attention to patient psychosocial needs into practice. This new standard of care recommends that all cancer care should ensure the provision of appropriate psychosocial services by
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Special Interest Group Newsletter February 2008 |
Step Up and Become a Diversity Champion Updated 20052009 ONS Research Agenda Now Available for Review Free Member Benefit! Connect With Nurses in Your Subspecialty ONS Offers Online Tools for Nurse Researchers
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Special Interest Group Newsletter February 2008 |
Share your expertise in the Complementary and Integrative Therapies SIG Newsletter. We are looking for articles on integrating care into practice, including practical experiences and research summaries. Articles should be approximately 5001,000 words, with references formatted per American Psychological Association style. We need your submissions now! For more information, please contact Editor Pamela Potter, DNSc, APRN, BC, at potter@up.edu or 503-943-8620.
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| Special Interest Group Newsletter February 2008 |
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Join a Virtual Community A great way to stay connected to your SIG is to join its Virtual Community. It’s easy to do so. All you will need to do is
Subscribe to Your SIG’s Virtual Community Discussion Forum All members are encouraged to participate in their SIG’s discussion forum. This area affords the opportunity for exchange of information between members and nonmembers on topics specific to all oncology subspecialties. Once you have your log-in credentials, you are ready to subscribe to your SIG’s Virtual Community discussion forum. To do so,
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| Special Interest Group Newsletter February 2008 |
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Complementary and Integrative Therapies SIG Officers
Know someone who would like to receive a print copy of this newsletter? To view past newsletters, click here. ONS Membership/Leadership Team Contact Information Angie Stengel, MS, CAE, Director of Membership/Leadership Diane Scheuring, MBA, CMP, Manager of Member Services Carol DeMarco, Membership/Leadership Administrative Assistant The Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) does not assume responsibility for the opinions expressed and information provided by authors or by Special Interest Groups (SIGs). Acceptance of advertising or corporate support does not indicate or imply endorsement of the company or its products by ONS or the SIG. Web sites listed in the SIG newsletters are provided for information only. Hosts are responsible for their own content and availability. Oncology Nursing Society
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