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Volume 16, Issue 2, May 2005 |
The
Targeted & Biological Therapies SIG Newsletter is underwritten by a grant from Schering-Plough Oncology |
Coordinator's Message Get Involved as We Continue to Grow Paula
Muehlbauer, RN, MSN, OCN®Arlington, VA pmuehlbauer@cc.nih.gov Welcome to the newsletter for one of the fastest-growing ONS SIGs. Why do I say this? Our membership has more than doubled since 2002, perhaps because of the increasingly widespread use of targeted and biologic therapies. ONS recognizes the need to equip oncology nurses with the knowledge necessary to care for patients receiving these types of therapies. Our SIG has been involved actively in sponsoring educational sessions. At the ONS 30th Annual Congress, our SIG sponsored two sessions, a pre-Congress session titled "A Targeted and Biological Therapy Primer: They Keep on Coming and They Are Here to Stay," and an instructional session, "Beyond Fantasy Into Reality: Treatment of Cancer in the Next 10 Years." This fall, we also will be offering a SIG-sponsored, six-hour institute at the 2005 Institutes of Learning November 1113 in Phoenix, AZ. |
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The Targeted and Biological Therapies SIG
Newsletter is produced by members of the Targeted and Biological Therapies SIG and ONS staff and is not a peer-reviewed publication. |
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Special Interest Group Newsletter May
2005 |
Coordinator's Message Welcome to the newsletter for one of the fastest-growing ONS SIGs. Why
do I say this? Our membership has more than doubled since 2002, perhaps
because of the increasingly widespread use of targeted and biologic
therapies. ONS recognizes the need to equip oncology nurses with the
knowledge necessary to care for patients receiving these types of
therapies. Our SIG has been involved actively in sponsoring educational sessions.
At the ONS 30th Annual Congress, our SIG sponsored two sessions, a
pre-Congress session titled "A Targeted and Biological Therapy Primer:
They Keep on Coming and They Are Here to Stay," and an instructional
session, "Beyond Fantasy Into Reality: Treatment of Cancer in the Next 10
Years." This fall, we also will be offering a SIG-sponsored, six-hour
institute at the 2005 Institutes of Learning November 1113 in Phoenix,
AZ. On behalf of our SIG, I would like to extend a hearty congratulations
to Mary Callaghan, RN, MS, AOCN®, the recipient of the ONS
Excellence in Biotherapy Nursing Award. She received this award at
Congress in Orlando, FL, and it is well deserved. Do you know an
individual who should be nominated for this award next year? If so, an
application can be downloaded from the ONS Web site (http://www.ons.org/). More opportunities will be available soon for you to become involved in
our SIG. Some of these opportunities will be apparent after you read our
SIG meeting minutes from this year's Congress, which will be found on our
SIG Virtual Community. Be sure to look for them. They also will be
mentioned in our next newsletter, so stay tuned. Have a good
summer!
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Special Interest Group Newsletter May
2005 |
Learn About a Novel Therapy to Treat Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Targeted therapies such as denileukin diftitox (Ontak®,
Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA) have resulted in potentially
significant advances in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
Oncology nurses must possess an understanding of Ontak's unique mechanism
of action and its side effects to successfully manage patients being
treated with this novel therapy. "Ontak is a genetically engineered fusion
protein that directs the lethal action of the diphtheria toxin to cells
bearing the IL-2 [interleukin-2] receptors complex on their surfaces"
(Walker & Dang, 2004, p. 171): activated T cells, B cells, and
monocytes. IL-2 binds to the surface receptors on activated T cells, B
cells, and monocytes. "The toxin fragment then is internalized, leading to
disruption of protein synthesis and eventual cell death . . . Ontak
specifically kills tumor cells expressing the intermediate and
high-affinity IL-2 receptors while sparing non-expressing neighboring
cells" (Walker & Dang, p. 171). In contrast to conventional
chemotherapy, Ontak is not myelosuppressive nor immunosuppressive and is
administered at 18 mg/kg per day over 60 minutes for five consecutive days
every three weeks. Patients are medicated with corticosteroids,
diphenhydramine, and acetaminophen before each infusion of Ontak to reduce
and prevent hypersensitivity reactions. The most common drug-related side
effects are hypoalbuminemia and elevated transaminases (LFTs); weekly
laboratory studies demonstrated that these abnormalities tended to be
limited and transient. Treatment should be delayed until albumin levels
reach 3 g/dl or higher and LFTs return to a grade 1 level. When treatment
is resumed, the dose should be reduced by 50% to 9 mcg/kg per day. The most common patient-reported side effects with Ontak are fatigue
and flu-like symptoms with non-neutropenic fevers. Although fever in
treated patients is thought to be drug related, all patients with
temperatures greater than 101ºF were screened for occult infections.
One-third of patients report skin reactions, including rash and pruritis.
To maintain skin integrity, patients should be encouraged to drink liberal
amounts of fluids, moisturize their skin, and avoid extremes in
temperature by taking tepid baths or showers. Instruct patients to use
over-the-counter antihistamines orally and topically for moderate to
severe pruritis. A potentially serious side effect of Ontak is vascular leak syndrome
(VLS). VLS is associated with a triad of symptoms: edema, hypoalbuminemia
(< 2.8 g/dl), and hypotension. The highest incidence rates of VLS occur
with the first cycle of Ontak, and VLS is unlikely to recur with
subsequent cycles. Instruct patients to report weight gain greater than
five pounds, pedal edema, or dyspnea (Walker & Dang, 2004). Careful
medical management is needed to treat VLS, which can be accomplished
through weekly laboratory tests and patient assessment. Also, patient
education is vital; generally, patients who reported weight gain or edema
were treated with a mild diuretic for three to five days. Ontak is a novel therapy that appears to demonstrate clinical benefit
in patients with NHL in ongoing phase II trials at the University of Texas
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. "Ontak is well tolerated and the majority of
side effects are transient and diminish in severity with each treatment
cycle" (Walker & Dang, 2004, p. 172). This novel therapy requires
careful patient education and nursing management to ensure patient safety
and optimize treatment benefits. Reference
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Special Interest Group Newsletter May
2005 |
Do You Wonder Where Drug Names Come From? Jeannette
Y. Wick, RPh, MBAArlington, VA wickj@ctep.nci.nih.gov Did you ever hear someone else stumble over a new drug name and wonder, "Is that how you say that?" Alvocidib, bevacizumab, cetuximab, defibrotide . . . Pronunciation of the more than 33,000 trademarked names and 9,000 generic names used in the United States (Lambert, Chang, & Lin, 2001) can be tricky. When you examine the method behind the apparent madness, you'll find that generic names are clues about the agent's mechanism of action, and perhaps its source. First, let's differentiate between nonproprietary (i.e., generic names) and proprietary (i.e., brand names and trademarks) drug lexica. Generic names average 14.4 letters and 5 syllables. Usually, they are more confusing than proprietary names, which average 10.4 letters and 3.53 syllables (Gundersen, 1998). Generic Jargon Because people differentiate similar names by the first few letters, stems of drug names, for instance the "cep-" that plagued the cephalosporin class with errors, have been abandoned. Some current naming restrictions include the following.
United States Adopted Names Names are based on stems (syllables common to agents sharing pharmacologic actions) (Wick, 2004). For example, the stem -tinib refers to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A list of stems is available at www.ama-assn.org/go/usan. Example: Monoclonal Antibodies You can find similar explanations for erythropoietins, interferons, interleukins, and somatotropins on the USAN Web site at www.ama-assn.org/go/usan. References Lambert, B.L., Chang, K.Y., & Lin, S.J. (2001). Descriptive analysis of the drug name lexicon. Drug Information Journal, 35, 163172. U.S. Adopted Names Council. (2005). United States adopted names. Retrieved April 13, 2005, from http://www.ama-assn.org/go/usan Wick, J. (2004). What's in a drug name? Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 44, 1214. Bibliography
Gertsel, J. (2003, August 22). What's in a name? Elevated drug sales. Retrieved December 20, 2003, from http://www.thestar.com Igor International. (2005). Taxonomy of biotech and pharmaceutical names. Retrieved April 8, 2005, from http://www.igorinternational.com/processes/biotech-pharmaceutical-name-taxonomy.php Krauskopf, L. (2002). Naming new drugs: Costly, complex. Retrieved April 13, 2005, from http://www.namebase.com/news_03.html Lambert, B.L., Chang, K.Y., & Gupta, P. (2003). Effects of frequency and similarity neighborhoods on pharmacists' visual perception of drug names. Social Science and Medicine, 57, 19391955. Message in a bottle: How drug names hook consumers. (2003). Psychology Today, 36, 78.Miller, D. (2003, January 20). What's in a (drug) name? Drug Topics, 3. Payton, H. (2002). What's in a name? Retrieved April 8, 2005, from http://www.igorinternational.com/press/bbc-naming-a-product-business.php Rowland, C. (2003, September 12). Pats ink Levitra marketing deal. Boston Globe, p. D1. The names of pills matter. (2003, January 18). Economist, 65.
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Special Interest Group Newsletter May
2005 |
Editor's Message Debbie
Parchen, RN, BSN, OCN®Gaithersburg, MD dparchen@mail.cc.nih.gov As I step down as editor of our SIG newsletter, I would like to extend an enormous thank you to three nurses who made a difference to me over these past three years: Ex Officio Peg Esper, MSN, RN, CS, AOCN®, SIG Coordinator Paula Muehlbauer, RN, MSN, OCN®, and previous SIG Editor Mary Callaghan, RN, MS, AOCN®. They were always available when I had a question or needed assistance. This truly is a product that is only as good as the sum of its parts! Here is another thought that you have heard before but is worth mentioning again. I encourage each and every one of you to step forward and volunteer in some capacity doing whatever interests you. You surely will get more out of the experience than you expect. Being the SIG editor has been a wonderful and rewarding experience for me. I would like to take this opportunity to introduce our two new coeditors: Victoria Mills, RN, from Atlanta, GA, and Denise Lapka, RN, MS, AOCN®, CNS, from Orland Park, IL. Together, they bring close to 50 years of nursing experience to the position, many of which have been spent working in the targeted and biologic therapies field. Collectively, they have been involved in numerous professional activities, from writing and reviewing manuscripts to research to staff and patient education. They are excited about serving as your new coeditors, and we extend a wholehearted welcome to them.
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Special Interest Group Newsletter May
2005 |
St. John's Wort May Cause Side Effects in Patients Taking Gleevec®
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Special Interest Group Newsletter May
2005 |
Request Interleukin-2 Patient Discharge Education Sheets
Interleukin-2 patient discharge education sheets are available from the Chiron Corporation (Emeryville, CA) in hard copy and as a PDF file. The company is looking into making these sheets available in other forms. To have them mailed to you, contact Pharmaceutical Representative Brendan P. Delaney by e-mail (brendan_delaney@chiron.com), mail (4560 Horton St. U-776, Emeryville, CA 94608-2916), phone (510-923-442), or fax (510-923-6603).
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Special Interest Group Newsletter May
2005 |
Take a Look at These Announcements
As a mentor, you will have the opportunity to strengthen your coaching skills, demonstrate leadership, and contribute to the development of oncology nurses from around the world. We are confident that you will find this to be one of the most rewarding experiences in your professional career. To access the tool and enroll in the program as a mentor, visit www.3creekmentoring.com/ONS and enter group code 921911. As a mentee, you can expect to expand your personal networking opportunities, have a sounding board for testing your ideas and plans, receive positive and constructive feedback on professional and personal development, and increase your self-awareness and self-discipline. To access the tool and enroll as a mentee, visit www.3creekmentoring.com/ONS and enter group code 789718. Election Results Are in 2005 Oncology Nursing Day and Month Kits Are
Here Are You New to Oncology? Check Out the Redesigned Evidence-Based Practice Resource
Area Take Advantage of Member-Only Benefits New Resource for Nurse Managers Coming
Soon Get the Latest in Priority Symptom Management
Information New Core Curriculum Available Now
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Special Interest Group Newsletter May
2005 |
Welcome New Members
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Special Interest Group Newsletter May
2005 |
Membership Information SIG Membership Benefits
A great way to stay connected to your SIG is to join its Virtual Community. It’s easy to do so. All you will need to do is
All members are encouraged to participate in their SIG’s discussion forum. This area affords the opportunity for exchange of information between members and nonmembers on topics specific to all oncology subspecialties. Once you have your log-in credentials, you are ready to subscribe to your SIG’s Virtual Community discussion forum. To do so,
As an added feature, members also are able to register to receive their SIG’s announcements by e-mail.
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Special Interest Group Newsletter May
2005 |
Targeted and Biological Therapies SIG Officers
Know
someone who would like to receive a print copy of this newsletter?
To view past newsletters click here. ONS Membership/Leadership Team Contact Information Angie Stengel, Director of Membership/Leadership Diane Scheuring, Manager of Member Services Carol DeMarco, Membership/Leadership Administrative Assistant The Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) does not assume responsibility for the opinions expressed and information provided by authors or by Special Interest Groups (SIGs). Acceptance of advertising or corporate support does not indicate or imply endorsement of the company or its products by ONS or the SIG. Web sites listed in the SIG newsletters are provided for information only. Hosts are responsible for their own content and availability. Oncology Nursing Society
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